A na-egosipụta kọmpat na nke siri ike steeti etiti etiti infrared (MIR) laser na 6.45 um nwere ike nrụpụta dị elu yana ịdị nso Gaussian beam. A na-egosipụta ike mmepụta kacha nke 1.53 W na obosara usu nke ihe dịka 42 ns na 10 A na-enweta kHz site na iji ZnGeP2 (ZGP) oscillator optical parametric (OPO) .Nke a bụ ike kachasị elu na 6.45 um nke laser steeti ọ bụla siri ike ruo n'ókè anyị maara.A tụrụ nkezi ogo ọkụ ọkụ ka ọ bụrụ M2=1.19.
Ọzọkwa, elu mmepụta ike kwụsie ike na-kwenye, na a ike fluctuation nke na-erughị 1.35% rms n'elu 2 h, na laser nwere ike na-agba ọsọ nke ọma n'ihi na ihe karịrị 500 h na mkpokọta. Iji a 6.45 um pulse dị ka a radieshon isi iyi, ablation nke anụmanụ. A na-anwale anụ ahụ ụbụrụ. Ọzọkwa, a na-enyocha mmetụta mmebi nke nkwekọrịta maka oge mbụ, ruo n'ókè anyị maara, nsonaazụ ya na-egosi na laser MIR a nwere ikike ablation magburu onwe ya, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye nwere ike dochie anya laser electron free.©2022 Optica Publishing Group
https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.446336
Mid-infrared (MIR) 6.45 um laser radieshon nwere ike appli-cations na elu-nkenke ọgwụ ubi n'ihi na ya uru nke a ọkpụrụkpụ ablation ọnụego na ntakiri mbibi mmebi 【1】.Free electron lasers (FELs) strontium vapor lasers, gas A na-ejikarị lasers Raman, na laser steeti siri ike dabere na paramet-ric oscillator (OPO) ma ọ bụ ọgbọ dị iche iche (DFG) 6.45 um laser sources. Otú ọ dị, ọnụ ahịa dị elu, nnukwu nha na mgbagwoju anya nke FELs na-egbochi ha. Ngwa.Strontium vapor lasers na gas Raman lasers nwere ike nweta ebumnuche ebumnuche, mana ha abụọ enweghị nkwụsi ike na-adịghị mma, obere ọrụ
osote ndụ, ma na-achọ mgbagwoju anya mmezi. Nnyocha gosiri na 6.45 um hard-state lasers na-emepụta a nta thermal dam-age nso na bayoloji anụ ahụ na na ablation omimi ha dị omimi karịa nke FEL n'okpuru otu ọnọdụ, nke kwadoro na ha nwere ike. a ga-eji dị ka ihe dị irè ọzọ na FELs maka bayoloji anụ ahụ ablation 【2】.Na mgbakwunye, siri ike-ala lasers nwere uru nke a kọmpat Ọdịdị, ezi nkwụsi ike, na
arụ ọrụ tabletop, na-eme ka ha bụrụ ngwaọrụ na-ekwe nkwa iji nweta isi iyi ọkụ a6.45μn.Dị ka a maara nke ọma, kristal infrared na-adịghị n'ịntanetị na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na usoro ntụgharị ugboro ugboro na-eji iji nweta ọrụ MIR lasers dị elu. dabara adaba na-amụba MIR lasers. Ndị a kristal gụnyere ọtụtụ n'ime chalcogenides, dị ka AgGaS2 (AGS),3,41, LiInS2 (LIS),5,61, LilnSe2 (LISe) 】】 na BaGaSe（BGse）【10-12】】, yana ogige phosphorus CdSiP2（CSP）【13-16】 na ZnGeP2 （ZGP）【17】；nke abụọ nke abụọ nwere nnukwu njikọ n'ịntanetị. Dị ka ọmụmaatụ, MIR radieshon nwere ike nweta site na iji CSP-OPOs. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ CSP-OPOs na-arụ ọrụ na ihe ultrashort (pico-na femtosecond) oge ọnụ ọgụgụ na synchronously pumped site mkpokọta 1 um mode-ekpochi lasers. N'ụzọ dị mwute, ndị a synchronously pumped OPO ( Sistemụ SPOPO nwere nhazi dị mgbagwoju anya ma dị oke ọnụ. Ike ha dị ala karịa 100mW na gburugburu 6.45 um【13-16】. E jiri ya tụnyere kristal CSP, ZGP nwere mmebi laser dị elu nke atọ.shold (60MW / cm2) , a elu thermal conductiv-ity (0.36 W / cm K) na a tụnyere nononlinear ọnụọgụ (75pm / V). ngwa ike 【18-221. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, oghere dị larịị ZGP-OPO nke nwere ngbanwe nke 3.8-12.4 um nke ejiri laser 2.93 um na-agbapụta. E gosipụtara ike nke otu-pulse nke ọkụ na-abaghị uru na 6.6 um. 1.2 mJ 【201.N'ihi na kpọmkwem wavelength nke 6.45 um, a maxi-mum single-pulse ume nke 5.67 mJ na a ugboro ugboro ugboro nke 100 Hz e nwetara site na iji a na-abụghị planar mgbanaka OPO oghere dabeere na a ZGP crystal.Na a ikwugharị ugboro ugboro. ugboro nke 200Hz, nkezi mmepụta ike nke 0.95 W ruru 【221. Dị ka anyị maara, nke a bụ ike mmepụta kacha elu enweta na 6.45 um.Ọmụmụ ihe dị ugbu a na-egosi na ike dị elu dị elu dị mkpa maka ablation anụ ahụ dị irè 【23】.Ya mere, mmepe nke ike dị elu 6.45 um laser isi iyi ga-abụ nnukwu ihe dị mkpa na nkwalite ọgwụ nje.N'ime akwụkwọ ozi a, anyị na-akọ akụkọ dị mfe, kọmpat niile siri ike steeti MIR 6.45 um laser nke nwere ike nrụpụta dị elu ma dabere na ZGP-OPO nke nanosecond (ns) gbagoro - pulse 2.09 um.
laser.The kacha nkezi mmepụta ike nke 6.45 um laser bụ ruo 1.53 W na a usu obosara nke mkpokọta 42ns na a ugboro ugboro ugboro nke 10 kHz, na ọ nwere magburu onwe doo quality.The ablating mmetụta nke 6.45 um laser na anụ anụ ahụ. A na-enyocha ya. Ọrụ a na-egosi na laser bụ ụzọ dị irè maka nkwụsị nke anụ ahụ n'ezie, dịka ọ na-eme dị ka ihe ọkpụkpụ laser.A na-esepụta nhazi nnwale ahụ na Fig.1. A na-agbapụta ZGP-OPO site na LD-pumped 2.09 um Ho: YAG laser nke na-enye 28 W nke nkezi ike na 10 kHz. na oge nkwụsị nke ihe dịka 102 ns ( FWHM) na nkezi beam quality factor M2 nke mkpokọta 1.7.MI na M2 bụ ihe ngosi abụọ 45 na mkpuchi nke na-egosipụta nke ọma na 2.09 um. Ngosi ndị a na-eme ka njikwa ntụziaka nke mgbapụta mgbapụta. Abụọ na-elekwasị anya anya anya (f1 = 100mm). ,f2 = 100 mm) na-etinyere maka beam collimation na a beam dayameta nke banyere 3.5 mm na ZGP crystal.An optical isolator （ISO) na-eji iji gbochie mgbapụta ọkụ na-alaghachi na 2.09 um mgbapụta isi iyi. A ọkara ife efere efere. (HWP) na 2.09 um na-eji na-achịkwa polarization nke mgbapụta ìhè.M3 na M4 bụ OPO oghere mirror, na flat CaF2 eji dị ka mkpụrụ ihe. The n'ihu mirror M3 bụ mgbochi-atụgharị uche ntekwasa (98%) maka mgbapụta. beam na elu-ntụgharị uche mkpuchi (98%) maka 6.45 um idler na 3.09 um mgbaàmà ebili mmiri. The mpụta-ewepụta mirror M4 bụ nke ukwuu na-egosipụta (98%) na 2.09um na 3.09 um ma na-enye ohere nnyefe nke 6.45 um idler.A na-egbutu kristal ZGP na 6-77.6 ° andp = 45 ° maka ụdị-JⅡ oge dakọtara 【2090.0 (o) 6450.0 (o) + 3091.9 (e) 】, nke dabara adaba maka otu ogologo waveleng nke nwere obere ọkụ na-amịpụta. linewidth tụnyere ụdị-I na-agba matching.The akụkụ nke ZGP crystal bụ 5mm x 6 mm x 25 mm, na ọ na-egbu maramara na mgbochi echiche mkpuchi na ma njedebe ihu abụọ n'ihi na n'elu atọ ebili mmiri. Ọ ọbọp na indium foil na. edozi n'ime ọkụ ọkụ ọla kọpa na mmiri jụrụ oyi (T = 16) . Ogologo oghere dị 27 mm. Oge njem njem nke OPO bụ 0.537 ns maka laser mgbapụta. Anyị nwalere ọnụ ụzọ mmebi nke kristal ZGP site na R. -on-I usoro 【17】. A tụrụ ọnụ ụzọ mmebi nke kristal ZGP ka ọ bụrụ 0.11 J / cm2 na 10 kHz. na nnwale ahụ, kwekọrọ na njupụta ike kacha elu nke 1.4 MW / cm2, nke dị ala n'ihi dịtụ ogbenye mkpuchi àgwà.A na-atụle ike mmepụta nke ọkụ na-abaghị uru site na mita ume (D, OPHIR, 1 uW ruo 3 W) na ogologo ogologo nke ọkụ mgbaàmà na-enyocha ya site na spectrometer (APE, 1.5-6.3 m) . nweta a elu mmepụta ike nke 6.45 um, anyị na-ebuli-mize imewe nke parameters nke OPO.A numerical simulation a rụrụ dabere na atọ-efegharị agwakọta tiori na paraxial propagation cquations 【24,25】； na simulation, anyị were paramita kwekọrọ na ọnọdụ nnwale wee chee ihe ntinye ntinye na profaịlụ Gaussian na oghere na oge. Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti enyo mmepụta OPO
nnyefe, mgbapụta ike ike, na mmepụta arụmọrụ na-arụ ọrụ kachasị site n'ịgbanwe njupụta nke mgbapụta mgbapụta na oghere iji nweta ike mmepụta dị elu ma n'otu oge na-ezere mmebi nke kristal ZGP na ngwa anya. Ya mere, ike mgbapụta kachasị elu bụ ihe dị ka 20. W maka ọrụ ZGP-OPO. Nsonaazụ simulated na-egosi na a na-eji ihe nrụpụta kacha mma na-ebufe 50%, njupụta ike kachasị elu bụ naanị 2.6 x 10 W / cm2 na ZGP crys-tal, yana ike nrụpụta nkezi. Enwere ike nweta ihe karịrị 1.5 W. Ihe osise 2 na-egosi mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ike mmepụta atụ nke onye na-abaghị uru na 6.45 um na ike mgbapụta ihe merenụ. ike mgbapụta ihe merenụ. Ọnụ ụzọ mgbapụta ahụ kwekọrọ na nkezi mgbapụta ike nke 3.55WA kachasị ike nrụpụta ọrụ na-adịghị arụ ọrụ nke 1.53 W na-enweta ike mgbapụta nke ihe dịka 18.7 W, nke kwekọrọ na arụmọrụ ntụgharị anya-na-optical o.f odika 8.20%% na a quantum ntughari cfliciency nke 25.31% Maka nchekwa ogologo oge, a na-arụ ọrụ laser na nso 70% nke ike kachasị ya. A na-atụ nkwụsi ike ike na ike mmepụta nke IW, dị ka egosiri na inset (a) na Fig.2. A na-achọpụta na mgbanwe ike a tụrụ atụ na-erughị 1.35% rms na 2 h, na laser nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma maka ihe karịrị 500 h na mkpokọta. The wavelength nke mgbaàmà ebili mmiri. A na-atụ ya karịa nke onye na-abaghị uru n'ihi oke ogologo ogologo nke spectrometer (APE, 1.5-6.3 um) na-eji na nnwale anyị. Ogologo mgbama a tụrụ atụ na-adabere na 3.09 um na obosara ahịrị bụ ihe dịka 0.3 nm, dị ka egosiri. na inset (b) nke Fig.2. The Central wavelength nke idler na-ahụ deduced ka 6.45um. The pulse obosara nke idler a na-achọpụta fotodetector (Thorlabs, PDAVJ10) na dekọrọ site a digital oscilloscope (Tcktronix，2GHz) A na-egosi ụdị oscilloscope a na-ahụkarị na Fig.3 ma gosipụta obosara usu nke ihe dịka 42 ns. Obosara usubụ 41.18% dị warara maka 6.45 um idler ma e jiri ya tụnyere 2.09 um pump pulse n'ihi uru na-ebelata oge nke usoro ntụgharị ugboro ugboro na-adịghị adị. 6.45 um idler ka ejiri eriri laser tụọ
analyzer (Spiricon, M2-200-PIII) na 1 W nke mmepụta ike, dị ka e gosiri na Fig.4. The tụrụ ụkpụrụ nke M2 na M, 2 bụ 1.32 na 1.06 tinyere x axis na y axis, n'otu n'otu, kwekọrọ na ya. nkezi beam quality factor nke M2 = 1.19.The insct nke Fig.4 na-egosi abụọ akụkụ (2D) beam ike profaịlụ, nke nwere nso-Gaussian spatial mode. Iji nyochaa na 6.45 um pulse na-enye irè abla-tion, A na-eme nnwale na-egosi ụkpụrụ nke metụtara ablation laser nke ụbụrụ porcine. A na-eji oghere f = 50 mee ihe iji lekwasị anya na 6.45 um pulse beam na radius n'úkwù nke ihe dịka 0.75 mm. Ọnọdụ a ga-ewepụ na ụbụrụ ụbụrụ porcine. A na-etinye ya n'ebe a na-elekwasị anya nke laser. Okpomọkụ dị elu (T) nke anụ ahụ dị ndụ dị ka ọrụ nke ebe radial r na-eme ka a na-eme ya site na thermocamera (FLIR A615) synchronously n'oge usoro ablation. Ogologo oge irradiation bụ 1. ,2,4,6,10, na 20 s na laser ike nke I W.N'ihi na onye ọ bụla irradiation oge, isii sample ọnọdụ na-blated: r=0,0.62,0.703,1.91,3.05, na 4.14 mm tinyere ntụziaka radial n'ihe gbasara ebe etiti nke ọnọdụ irradiation, dị ka e gosiri na Fig.5. The squares bụ data okpomọkụ a tụrụ atụ. A na-achọta ya na Fig.5 na elu okpomọkụ. na ọnọdụ ablation na anụ ahụ na-abawanye na oge irradiation na-abawanye. Nke kachasị elu temp-peratures T na ebe etiti r = 0 bụ 132.39,160.32,196.34.
205.57,206.95, na 226.05C maka irradiation durations nke 1,2,4,6,10, na 20 s, n'otu n'otu. Iji nyochaa nbibi mebiri, na okpomọkụ nkesa na ablated anụ ahụ n'elu simulated.Nke a na-rụrụ dị ka simulated. The thermal conduction theory for biological tissue126】 na theory of laser propagation in biological tissue 【27】 jikọtara na ngwa anya parameters nke ụbụrụ porcine 1281.
A na-eme simulation ahụ site n'echiche nke ntinye Gaussian beam. Ebe ọ bụ na anụ ahụ dị ndụ nke a na-eji na nyocha ahụ bụ ụbụrụ ụbụrụ porcine dịpụrụ adịpụ, a na-eleghara mmetụta nke ọbara na metabolism na okpomọkụ anya, na ụbụrụ ụbụrụ porcine na-adị mfe n'ime. ọdịdị nke cylinder maka simula-tion. A na-achikota paramita ndị a na-eji na simulation na tebụl 1. Akpụkpọ ụkwụ siri ike nke a na-egosi na Fig.5 bụ nkesa radial okpomọkụ nke simulated n'ihe gbasara ebe ablation na elu anụ ahụ maka irradiation isii dị iche iche. durations.Ha na-egosiputa profaịlụ okpomọkụ nke Gaussian site na etiti ruo na mpụta. O doro anya site na Fig.5 na data nnwale ahụ na-eme nke ọma na nsonaazụ simulated. Ọ pụtakwara na Fig.5 na okpomọkụ nke simulated dị n'etiti etiti Ọnọdụ ablation na-abawanye ka oge irradia-tion na-abawanye maka irradiation ọ bụla. Nnyocha ndị gara aga egosiwo na mkpụrụ ndụ ndị dị na anụ ahụ dị mma nke ọma na oge-peratures n'okpuru.55C, nke pụtara na mkpụrụ ndụ na-anọgide na-arụ ọrụ na mpaghara ndụ ndụ (T <55C) nke akụkụ na Fig.5. Mpaghara odo nke ọ bụla curve (55C).60C) .Enwere ike ịhụ na Fig.5 na simulated ablation radii na T = 60 ° Care0.774,0.873,0.993,1.071,1.198 na 1.364 mm, n'otu n'otu, maka irradiation durations nke 1,2,4,6, 10, na 20s, mgbe simulated ablation radii atT = 55C bụ 0.805,0.908,1.037,1.134,1.271, na 1.456 mm, n'otu n'otu. N'elu quantitatively nyochaa ablation mmetụta, na Arca na sel nwụrụ anwụ hụrụ na-, 1.882. 2.394,3.098,3.604,4.509, na 5.845 mm2 maka 1,2,4,6,10, na 20s nke irradiation, n'otu n'otu. A na-ahụ mpaghara nwere mpaghara mmebi ihe dị ka 0.003,0.0040.006,0.017,0.0. na 0.027 mm2. Enwere ike ịhụ na mpaghara ablation laser na mpaghara mmebi nkwekọrịta na-abawanye na oge irradiation. Anyị na-akọwapụta mmebi nke nkwekọrịta na-eme ka ọ bụrụ njedebe nke mpaghara mmebi na 55C s T60C. na-8.17%,8.18%,9.06%,12.11%,12.56%, na 13.94% n'ihi na dị iche iche irradiation ugboro, nke pụtara na nkwakọba mmebi nke ablated anụ ahụ bụ obere. Ya mere, keukwu experimenta.l data na nsonaazụ simulation na-egosi na kọmpat a, ike dị elu, steeti siri ike 6.45 um ZGP-OPO laser na-enye ablation nke anụ ahụ dị ndụ nke ọma. N'ikpeazụ, anyị egosipụtala kọmpat, ike dị elu, steeti siri ike. MIR pulsed 6.45 um laser source dabeere na ns ZGP-OPO. A na-enweta ike kachasị elu nke 1.53 W site na ike kachasị elu nke 3.65kW na nkezi ọkụ ọkụ nke M2 = 1.19. Iji 6.45 um MIR radieshon, a A na-eme nnwale nnwale na-egosi na ablation laser nke anụ ahụ. A na-enyocha nkesa okpomọkụ n'elu anụ ahụ a na-ekpochapụ nke ọma na usoro simu-lated. Data a tụrụ atụ kwadoro nke ọma na nsonaazụ simulated. Ọzọkwa, a na-enyocha mmebi nke nkwekọrịta ahụ n'ụzọ doro anya. N'ihi na oge mbụ. Ndị a pụta nyochaa na anyị tabletop MIR pulse laser na 6.45 um na-enye irè ablation nke biological tissucs na nwere oké ikike ịbụ ihe bara uru ngwá ọrụ na ọgwụ na nkà mmụta sayensị, dị ka ọ pụrụ dochie a nnukwu FEL dị ka.ihe mkpuchi laser.